1) Bibliographic data
Ottaway, Marina. (2001), “Reluctant Missionaries,” Foreign Policy, V 125 :44-9.

2) Question(s) addressed by the author and working arguments
The charter company is reemerging. At the forefront of economic globalization, transnational corporations, which have long pursued their business in developing countries with little oversight by weak local governments and even less by the international community, are being targeted by modern-day missionaries in the form of human rights that cause large number of casualties, NGO’s hold the company responsible. For transnational corporations doing business in developing countries the rules of the game are changing.
Oil companies, because they can not choose where deposits are located, often operate in conflict ridden, countries governed by unsavoury regimes, made all the more unsavoury by oil revenue that encourages government centralization, fiscal irresponsibility, extravagant spending, and corruption. The oil companies must proactively create positive societal value by engaging in innovative social investment, stakeholder consultation, policy dialogue, advocacy and civic institution building.

3) Conceptual references to transnational-transnationalism
Transnational corporations

4) Conclusions or Final Remarks
Oil Companies may be “organs of society,” but they are highly specialized ones, and their strengths lie not in devotion to democracy and human rights but in finding, extracting, and distributing oil. The so-called partnership between NGO’s, developed countries, and transnational corporations is beginning to look like a game in which each actor tries to pass the hot potato of reforming reluctant governments to somebody else.