1) Bibliographic data
Henderson,
Hazel (2000) “Transnational Corporations and Global Citizenship” The
American Behavioral Scientist, V. 43-8, May:1231-61.
2) Question(s) addressed by the author and working arguments
How corporations are evolving to address the broader demands of their
costumers, shareholders, employees, and community stakeholders. Today,
the state is everywhere in retreat and similar fears are now focused
on the ascendance of markets and private corporate power in our globalized
economy. Many states have tightened regulations, often under political
pressures from movements of their citizens, labour unions, stockholders,
human rights activists, and environmentalists
The missing link in both conventional economics and political science
involves overlooking, downplaying, or even psychological states for denial
among policy makers, academics, and the media of the extent to which
governments at all levels have allowed themselves to become puppets of
corporations and financial special interests. Today, a new moral force
challenges corporate power. The astonishing rise of voluntary, grassroots,
civil societies is evident in industrial countries both the North and
the South.
The increasing influence of the third force civil sectors is directly
challenging corporations to accept responsibility and accountability
formerly demanded of governments. The more global freedom of corporate
citizens threatens the health, welfare, and even the “life, liberty,
and the pursuit of happiness” of real human citizens, the more
their movements will grow faster and democracies will spread.
Transnational corporations are rapidly globalizing themselves in terms
of cultural diversity and eliminating home-country bias. This allows
cultural learning within these corporations and some dispersal of power
from industrial countries, as well as opportunities for many citizens
of developing countries from promotion to management positions. The communications
activities of transnational corporations, particularly global media conglomerates,
advertising and marketing companies, and their client corporations, have
spread consumerist corporate cultures of individualism, hedonism, and
unsustainable levels of per capita resource use.
As the global standards are raised through voluntary action and further
partnership agreements with governments, employees, and civil society,
this “ethical floor” under today’s global playing field
can be raised. All corporate power is based on money systems and their
manipulation by governments. Corporate obligations, currently exclusive
to their stockholders, actually include other stockholders; employees,
customers, contractors, suppliers, the neighbourhoods and communities
in which they operate, and the general public and the environment.
3)
Conceptual references to transnational – transnationalism
Transnational corporation
4) Conclusions or Final Remarks
Global corporations, by garnering state contracts for research and development
and other positive externalities, together with their private investments,
have accelerated technological innovation, which has led to globalization
of industrialism and technology, information and finance; work employment,
and migration; the arms trade; human effects on the biosphere; and
culture, poverty, and citizenship.
Today’s global mediocracy exhibits levels of interpretation of
cultures, societies, institutions, and corporations that are unprecedented.
Global changes and interpretations are breaking down the whole idea of
earlier concepts such as limited liability and leading to the social
innovations at the corporate/government/citizen interface as described
and advocated in this article.
|